Lecture #1 Essays - Cold War, Global Politics, Free Essays

Lecture #1 Essays - Cold War, Global Politics, Free Essays Lecture #1 Introduction: What is the Third World? Nations Unaligned with Either NATO or the Warsaw Pact Won't work; could include Yugoslavia and even the People's Republic of China The Decolonizing World Won't work; must include Egypt, Thailand, and other nations that were never colonies The Developing World Won't work; misleading in terms of power dynamics and ethnocentric The Global South Won't work; could include Australia and New Zealandand Antarctica! The "Dominoes" "Domino theory" coined by Eisenhower in 1954, anticipated by Acheson at the inception of the Cold War Presents the world as a zero-sum game in which any gain for communism constitutes a loss for democracy and free enterprise Two Phenomena Define the Second Half of the Twentieth Century: the Cold War and the Ascent of the Third World The Third World profoundly shapes how the communist and capitalist hegemons compete This competition alters the domestic environment in Third World nations Parallel struggles: the civil rights movement in the United States and Third-World struggles for autonomy Unfolding of the Cold War Conflict begins in Europe but sees its first fireworks in Asia The Middle East becomes an important theater, for strategic and economic reasons The East-West clash comes to Latin America and Africa later, but still exerts tremendous pressure on how states in those regions develop Lecture #2 "Like Apples in a Barrel . . .": Origins of the Cold War I) The Irresolvable Question of Poland The United States wants a democratic Poland, with representatives of the Polish government in exile ["London Poles"] included views Poland as an outpost of European civilization against communists The Soviet Union wants a pro-Soviet Poland, run by the puppet "Lublin Poles" views Poland as the route through which Germany has attacked Stalin breaks his promises at Yalta, clamps down on Poland and the rest of Eastern Europe Early Cold War Crises Truman takes a hard line on Poland, but ultimately has to back down Conflicting agendas at Potsdam Soviets retreat from Iran and Turkey "Support Free Peoples": Truman Sounds the Alarm Britain can no longer provide aid to the anti-communist governments in Greece and Turkey; America is Britain's obvious successor Truman portrays the struggle as one of good versus evil Congress coughs up the money; makes an historic commitment the U.S. intervenes, during a time of general peace, in the affairs of people outside North and South America "Two Halves of the Same Walnut": Truman's Guns and Marshall's Butter Economy of Western Europe seems on the verge of collapse Marshall invites the Europeans to draw up their own plan U.S. Congress opposes the Marshall Plan; Republicans don't want to give Truman a foreign policy triumph in an election year or encourage socialist schemes in Europe "A Shock through the Civilized World": The Coup in Czechoslovakia Prompts the Senate to endorse the Marshall Plan Truman drastically expands the power and discretion of the CIA Foreign Policy Setbacks of 1949 The Soviets explode an atomic bomb China falls to the communists America's Twin Responses to the Soviet A-Bomb and the "Loss" of China Truman approves development of the H-Bomb National Security Document 68 (NSC-68) Advocates a quadrupling of U.S. military spending Assumes the worst of Soviet foreign policy Demands a global U.S. response to the Soviet threat So drastic in its implications that implementation appears unlikelyuntil the Korean War breaks out Lecture #3 "The Greece of the Far East": Korea Roots of the Conflict The United States and the Soviet Union eject the Japanese from Korea in 1945, divide the peninsula at the 38th Parallel The Cold War hardens, obliterating the possibility for Korean unification Kim Il-sung heads the communist People's Democratic Republic of Korea in the North Syngman Rhee heads the anti-communist Republic of Korea (ROK) in the South Civil war rages in Korea from 1945 to 1950long before America's "Korean War" starts Why do the North Koreans invade the South on June 25, 1950? The communists are encouraged by Truman's "Europe-first" strategy and neglect of South Korea Acheson's "defense perimeter" speech also gives Kim reason to assume that the U.S. will not assist the South Stalin gives his assent to the invasion North Korea nearly overruns the South within days; the "Free World" faces a major setback Truman's "Police Action": The Inception of the Imperial Presidency Truman does not consult with members of Congress before ordering air and naval forces to South Koreaor before committing American troops to the land mass of Asia Few in Congress object, but a fatal precedent has been set Although termed a U.N. "police action," the conflict

Amedeo Modigliani - a Jewish French Artist essays

Amedeo Modigliani - a Jewish French Artist essays Amedeo Modigliani was an Italian painter and sculptor. He is among the most important of the 20th century. His life is one of the greatest tragedies in art. He was born on July 12, 1884 to a Sephardic Jewish family in Livorno (Leghorn), Italy. He was raised in a Jewish ghetto. His father was a businessman and his brother, Vittorio Emanuele Modigliani, was in active Socialist leader. He became ill in January 1920 and died ten days later of tubercular meningitis. He died a pauper on January 24, 1920 at 35. His family was poor but they had prosperous relatives so that the boy lacked nothing. He attended gymnasium, showed signs of tuberculosis at 17 and spent the winter on the Isle of Capri. After suffering from pleurisy and typhus in 1895 and 1898, he was forced to give up a conventional education, and it was then that he began to study painting. After a brief stay in Florence in 1902, he continued his artistic studies in Venice, remaining there until the winter of 1906, when he left for Paris well equipped with money from his uncle. He attended art classes at the Colarossi school in Paris. In 1908, he exhibited five or six paintings at the Salon des Independants. He also met the Romanian sculptor Constantin Brancusi, whom influenced Modigliani on African sculpting. Despite his many love affairs, excess of drunkenness, frequent lapses into illness, and poverty, he managed to produce with his relatively short career, a substantial body of work. More than 20 of his sculptures, some 500 paintings, and thousands of watercolors and drawings have survived. He is best known for his portraits of women and elegant nudes with their characteristic elongated necks, almond-shaped eyes, calm facial expressions, restrained color and energetic grace. He used many different techniques. One of which is distortion which is the act of deceiving the eye by twisting something out of its original condition or shape. He used this...

Legal enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal enviroment - Essay Example Furthermore, the essay also intends to explore if an individual is capable of self-regulation and how ethics can influence the regulation process. Issue The main concern in the context of government regulations in business area is that whether such regulations are necessary. The problem with respect to regulations is that thorough imposing them, the activities of people become delimited and thus managed by the government, thereby violating the rights of individuals. By regulations, the choices of people to conduct certain commercial activities are also restricted. Besides, it has also been argued that low regulations in business and low government intrusion can facilitate people and businesses to earn more revenue and thus they can spend more on economic development. However, to a certain extent government regulations in business is necessary in order to support productive business practices. Reasoning According to Jefferson (2012), human beings are able to live in a society, govern themselves by self-imposed regulations and secure the pleasure of life, freedom, property and peace. The basic reasoning behind self-regulation is that people have absolute rights regarding life and liberty to pursue happiness. Government regulations, if considered necessary, are introduced to secure the sanctification of these rights. The main reasoning behind regulations is that government has a responsibility to oversee the activities of people, because they cannot be trusted for making the proper choices. In the context of business, government regulations are used to control such activities which can otherwise result in business and ultimately market failure. For certain individuals, self-regulation is a contradictory element of business, but it also provides several advantages in the field of business. The five potential benefits of self-regulation are immediacy, flexibility, obedience, cooperative interests of industry and resources. On the other hand, self-regulation also has several disadvantages which comprise conflict of interest, insufficient consents, under enforcement, international competition and inadequate resources. Evidently, self-regulations comprise both benefits and limitations. Thus, it is neither an integrally effective nor an ineffective way to govern business conducts. The key challenge is to derive the condition in which self-regulation can be regarded as the proper strategy to encourage ethical behavior and also to find ideal methods of planning self-regulatory organizations. In reaction to corporate frauds, it is reasonable to decide who should regulate the behavior of business organizations and business transactions. In this context, it can be stated that it is not a simple choice to follow either government regulation or self-regulation, rather it is a query of how self-regulation can be utilized (Coglianese et al., 2004). Even if self-regulations have received blame from public due to corporate frauds, it cannot be uninhibited co mpletely. As an alternative, the solution would be to change the inner governance system of the self-regulatory organizations by permitting them new power or altering the level of government observation (Coglianese et al., 2004). Analysis Several sectors of businesses have long complained regarding government regulations and their restrictive characteristics. Government regulat